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The Imperialism Of Western Pop Culture And Its Effects On Nigerian Youths by Emmanuel Oluka.

Introduction In this essay, one will understand what pop culture means, and the negative effects western pop culture has on the youths of Nigeria. The essay stimulates the thoughts of the reader on how western pop culture imperialism continues to undermine and challenge the identity of Nigerian youths. The focus of the essay therefore, is to emphasize the effects of this culture on the youths, and also, to deepen knowledge and appreciation of our indigenous culture. It proffers way forward in the end. But what really is pop culture? Make no mistake; “popular culture” and “pop culture” will be used interchangeably throughout this essay. Both mean the same thing. It refers to the entirety of behaviours, customs, identities and preferences that are frequently encountered, widely accepted or approved by a people and remain characteristic of a particular society at a given time. A pop culture characteristic of the western world is called a western pop culture. In this case, it is a culture that reflects the everyday lives of the western society. These common pop-culture items are domiciled across the entertainment industry (comprising movies, music, and television), politics, fashion, technology and even food. Brief Historical Antecedents… The arrival of British colonizers in Nigeria brought about the romance and imperialism of western popular culture. The coming on board of the colonial masters was premised on western supremacist beliefs. Such supremacy spread via the deliberate stereotypes about our people. They condemned our traditional beliefs and entrenched their social norms, customs, political systems and technologies. The colonial masters achieved this through inaccurate depiction of our people and her culture. This is the fate we suffer today. How is it promoted? Since our history is strongly connected to British colonization, one finds that western pop culture continues to flirt with our indigenous identities. Today, the culture enjoys widespread popularity in Nigeria, and it has had a way of constantly influencing our youths and their everyday activities. Admittedly, it is heavily promoted by the mass media, especially in a technological world where the “omnipresent” media constantly brings cultures together. The resultant interactions between our local culture and the western type, culminated in promoting these imperialistic pop cultures. This has made some social critics say that its importation into Nigeria has had some effects on the youths, particularly through cultural imperialism and the stifling of local cultures. This, by extension, constantly threatens and undermines the representation of our youths. Effects For instance, the entertainment industry in Nigeria has had constant penetration of western imperialistic pop culture, with mostly negative effects reported on the youths. The industry records overwhelming acceptance amongst these youths, yet, remains indicted for depicting some impressionable concepts inimical to these youths. A look into Nollywwod shows total dearth of movies with storylines projecting our true identity. “Africa magic” for instance, is condemned in preference for western contents that show excessive violence, use of guns, lewd languages, gangsterism and drug addiction. These remain hallmarks of western popular cultures, and it ends up infringing on the youths’ senses unsought. The music videos of some Nigeria’s frontline artistes like D’banj, M.I Abaga, Naira Marley, Don Jazzy, Davido, Wizkid, and Flavour, have all exhibited crazy and bizarre dispositions to western fashion and lifestyle. These music videos often feature displays of immoral and suggestive dance moves. There is the ostentatious show of exotic cars, with (video) girls dancing on top of these cars and clad in scanty and penetrative clothes; while of course, caressing these artistes as they all dance to the rhythm of the music. The artistes also waste expensive champagnes even as they smoke their lives out on Indian hemp, to the admiration of these impressionable and gullible youths. Unknown to these artistes sadly, they exert a cult-like influence on the youths, accounting for the distortion of their minds. The result is that, these youths go all out to copy this illicit culture hook, line and sinker. In another development, much of the dreaded cult activities on campuses surprisingly are influenced by how the youths see western movie characters. That is why the culture of violence, alcoholism and drug abuse is copied from the attitudes and lifestyles the characters portray. Western pop culture has made Nigerian youths to jettison their local attires and dressing. Indecent dressing becomes the trend. It’s now common place to see young girls walk the streets almost nude. These girls wear micro-mini skirts, bum shorts, short blouses, handless tops and strapless bras. Some even prefer to go braless, making their nipples provocatively pointed. Some, who wouldn’t want their nipples pointed, go ahead to seal them with sellotape. Girls who dress decently are given derogatory names like “Mary Amaka”, “Mgbeke” and the likes. Regrettably, raping of girls and sexual harassment has been on the increase in our society and campuses because of recklessness in dressing. Young males are also not left out of indecent dressing. They “fry” and dye their hair, while some wear them in dreadlocks with a pair of earrings to boost the swag. You also see them wear big three-quarter shorts that are left hanging below their buttocks, exposing their (dirty) underwear in the process. They call it “sagging” and those who dress this way are called “Marlians”. Sincerely, there’s a problem! There’s a problem because, these cultures were all copied from western music videos and it has found sweeping acceptance amongst the youths to the abandonment of our traditional attires like “Abada”, “Ankara”, “Aso oke” and so on. I wore my native attire of “caftan” to defend my project in the university and I vividly recall how the chief examiner heavily penalized me for failure to wear suit. Truly, I had no money to buy a suit then, because, the project had already usurped a lot from me financially. The backlash I received that day remains evergreen in mind. Because of western pop culture infiltration, youths have lost the culture of respect for elders. One day, I witnessed a young girl raise her voice to her mother simply

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The Influence Of Popular Culture On Nigerian Youths by Felix Akinlaja.

Traditional culture to our forefathers was treated like gold – a possession so highly treasured it was diligently protected, as the ribcage protects the lungs, against loss and undesirable admixture with alien entities from foreign cultures. And, because culture, whether traditional or western, has a major influence on people’s beliefs, values, and deeds, it is no surprise that men of past ages price their culture quite high among their possessions. The uniqueness of traditional cultures lies in the fact that they were restricted to particular groups of people, unlike the western popular culture – defined as the totality of attitudes, ideas, images, perspectives and other occurrences within the mainstream, according to McGaha in an article titled Popular Culture and Globalization – which is, in accordance to its nomenclature, popular. However, while it was indeed noble of our forefathers to have protected what literally defined them, the fact they mostly met cultural influx from spheres outside theirs with indifference meant the characteristics that separated them from their foreign contemporaries outnumbered those that united them. But such is not the case in contemporary times, reason being the inflow, popularity, and almost universal acceptability of the prevailing western popular culture among young people. It is easily deducible from the foregoing that one of the most significant influence of the western pop culture, propagated and significantly enabled by the internet, mass media, and other activities the youth invest their time in, on Nigerian youths is that the pop culture has become a unifying rope tying culturally diverse young people across the globe together. Western pop culture gives most Nigerian youths a sense of belonging – a reassurance they are not alienated from the rest of the world, which is no doubt a cornerstone behind its wide acceptance. This establishes the fact that the effects of western pop culture are not in their entirety negative as some would have many believe. Besides, the positive influence of western pop culture on Nigerian culture is not restricted to its unifying trait alone. Western pop culture has no doubt furnished many youths with confidence and an optimistic belief that they can employ their voices, with the aid of the internet, music, mass media, and what have you, to effect meaningful changes in society. See, western pop culture is one that truly promotes equality, unlike traditional cultures that go extreme miles to force respect out of young people by killing their voices. I guess western pop culture is not all that bad anyway. Indeed, it is not. Having said all that, it is expedient to balance the argument by highlighting some of the negative influences of western pop culture on Nigerian youths. Top among them is the skyrocketing promiscuity and vices perpetrated by young people in Nigeria. These vices greatly constrain their capacity to contribute meaningfully to societal advancement. Vices such as alcohol and substance abuse, cigarette smoking, kidnapping, and whatnot, are on the rise because they are promoted by the popular culture. In addition, the use of nasty language is another influence of popular culture on youth. One needs no special intellect to discern this is a negative influence. It is that influence that reinforces the belief that western pop culture fosters disrespect, and sadly, it is hard to argue otherwise. Furthermore, the erosion of the golden virtues of modesty and contentment are also unassailably negative influences of the popular culture that is thriving among Nigerian youths. The dressing mode of youths has been significantly affected by the popular culture. Comfortably do young guys and girls robe themselves in clothing unbefitting of a child groomed in a good home. It hurts to say, but, indeed, moral values are being lost and moral decadence is thriving because western pop culture prevails among young people. In conclusion, it is unassailable that there is a gradual erosion of ancient cultural practices and beliefs – especially among the youths. Many a young people are so much influenced that they now pattern their lives after an imported way of life – the western pop culture. The internet, digital literacy, and the susceptibility of young people to changes have in no small way facilitated this. Little wonder many youths know close to nothing about the traditions valued more than material possessions by their predecessor. For some of them, traditional culture is obsolete and is viewed as disdainful practices that regress civilization. Yet they have not been spared of negative influences from the newly embraced pop culture and, sadly it can only get worse if these are not quickly tamed. The most important conclusion is that the effects of western pop culture on Nigerian youths is like a coin, double-sided – positive or negative. The youths decide which side gains the most expression. Akinlaja Felix is an unapologetic lover of writing. He wrote in from felixakinlaja@gmail.com

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Mindset Matters Most by Paul Ojocheyi.

The western pop culture can be seen as the lifestyle of the natives of Europe and other continents, or countries that have strong ties to Europe. Australia, Canada, and United States are not particularly European, but are classified as part of the western pop culture perpetrators. This culture does not only mean the genre of music of the west, their movies, and the lifestyles portrayed in them. It encompasses the totality of the general lifestyle of a man from the west, and what is accepted by the majority.   The western pop culture which is believed to originate from Europe is now controlled by United States of America(USA).  This is possible because of the control America has  over the media, and its acclaimed title of “world power”. The United States controls the world’s music and movie industries. It is home to many of the most renowned universities, richest men, religious and political celebrities, and most importantly, it is considered as the home of freedom. Also, most news, internet, and social media are owned and controlled by Americans: Google(Which entails Android, YouTube, Gmail, Google maps, etcetera), Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, Cable Network News (CNN). It can be said that America controls the media; The major means of propagation of news amongst youths in the Twenty first (21st) century. It can be logically inferred that the western pop culture is whatever is accepted and portrayed by Americans.   After the basic foundation laid on western pop culture, our concern should be its effect on Nigerian youths. Most Nigerian youths have access to the internet, and are constantly fed information that registers in their brain cells. This information gets exhibited as actions. These actions can either be considered morally upright, or a total decline from the moral decency upheld by the Nigerian society. What are the effects of this western pop culture? These effects can be classified into two categories: good and bad.   Bad effect of western pop culture amongst Nigerian youths An average Nigerian youth must have watched a movie with some adult contents such as kissing in his/her lifetime. An average Nigerian youth has Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram accounts. These youths are exposed to images of crime and sex at the comfort of their homes through the internet. They are sometimes pushed to choose celebrities with very rough lives as role models, and in the process, they end up being dragged away from their Nigerian upbringing. Also, exposure to the western pop culture has made many Nigerian youths to have little regard for respect. Imagine a Yoruba youth who no longer feels it is necessary to greet an elderly man simply because Hollywood portrayed it. Imagine a youth who sags his trouser all day, smokes cigars, drinks to stupor, and still feels it is the right way just because he has picked a drug dealer as a mentor. Most Nigerian youths prefer the social media to their studies. They spend their time all day on media commenting on the photos of their most liked celebrities. According to a research work by Fernando Mabelle in Lagos, it was discovered that 63.2% of interviewed youths accepted that western movies shape their attitude. Another 75.8% said they preferred western culture to their indigenous native culture. A larger percentage, 84.2% of the interviewed youths population said western culture should not be resisted.   Good effect of western culture on Nigerian youths To every disadvantage, there is an advantage. The western pop culture has significantly great positive effects that it can never be overemphasized. The social media and Information Communication Technology (ICT) are functions of the outcome of the western pop culture. Many Nigerian youths have chosen to utilize this culture for the benefit of humanity, rather than for a actions that depict moral decadence. There are thousands of excellent celebrities that serve as positive motivation to youths. Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Ellon Musk, Joyce Meyer, and Robert Kiyosaki are excellent examples of westerners whose lives serve as motivation to Nigerian youths. Another very good example of the good use of the western pop culture is the Cmonionline weekly essay competition for Nigerian youths. Cmonionline uses the social media(Facebook and Twitter) and internet(Website) to ensure that interested youths are meaningfully engaged.   Conclusion Though there are some bad aspects of western pop culture,  no one forces anybody to accept them. Anyone who accepts this culture does this at will, and not solely out of ignorance. There is a popular adage that says “ You can force a house to the river, but you cannot force it to drink water”. This saying applies to all Nigerian youths who blame the western pop culture for their wrongs. Our mindset is what matters most, and not what the western pop culture portrays. The western pop culture is not completely right, and neither is there a culture that is completely right. There were thieves in Nigeria even before the Europeans set their foot on the soil of Nigeria. There were prostitutes and murderers in our local indigenous settlements before we had contacts with the western world. So why do we blame the westerners for what was already in our land before their arrival? I am not saying that the western world does not have a negative effect. All I am saying is that we have the liberty to choose what to accept, and what not to. The westerners have lots of very good mentors too, so the choice is ours.       References com m.wikipedia.org › wiki >Immigration history of Australia – Wikipedia bartleby.com › essay › Western Pop Culture – 1775 Words | Bartleby   Paul is a student of Mechatronics Engineering at the Federal University of Technology, Minna who loves reading, writing, poetry, and philosophy. He wrote in via paulojocheyi@gmail.com

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